19 Ago Comparativa del precio de la luz en Europa
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Energías renovables, Noticias Actuales
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¿Sabías que el precio de la luz en España es de los más caros de europa?
Los últimos datos publicados por la agencia Eurostat, correspondientes al último semestre del año 2018, confirman algo que ha sido tendencia en los últimos años: España es uno de los países en los que el precio del kWh es más alto.
Además el informe muestra como en 2018 el precio de la energía pasó de una media de 21´8 € por cada 100 kWk a 24’8 €, lo que supone una subida del 13,8%.
El único país que ha tenido un incremento superior al de España ha sido Chipre, con un aumento del precio de la luz del 19,6% respecto a sus tarifas del año 2017.
Así las cosas, España ocupa el quinto lugar de los países que tienen la electricidad más cara, detrás de Dinamarca, Alemania, Bélgica e Irlanda.
Si consideramos el nivel adquisitivo de cada país, los datos son aún peores para España, puesto que, de acuerdo con Eurostat, ocuparía el tercer puesto en el ranking de países europeos en los que más cuesta pagar la factura de luz, detrás de Portugal y de Alemania.
En cuanto a los países que tuvieron la electricidad más barata en 2018, son Bulgaria con 10,1 € por cada 100 kWh y Lituania con 11 € por cada 100 kWh. Si tomamos como métrica el poder adquisitivo, los países más baratos fueron Finlandia y Luxemburgo.
Si te preguntas cómo funciona el precio de la luz en Europa, debes saber que son tres los factores principales que influyen en la tarifa luz hora de los distintos países: los impuestos y los peajes que grava cada gobierno, así como el modelo de mix energético que se usa.
¿Qué es el mix energético?
El mix energético también denominado matriz energética se refiere al conjunto de porcentajes de distintas fuentes de generación de energía – tanto renovables como no renovables – que se utilizan en un determinado país para cubrir su demanda energética.
En otras palabras, la energía que utilizamos proviene de diversas fuentes energéticas, como por ejemplo el carbón o la eólica.
El mix energético en España
En España, el mix energético varía en función de la demanda y del reparto que se hace en una subasta pública, conocida como pool eléctrico.
El precio de la luz queda fijado en base a tres elementos principales:
- Los peajes
- Los impuestos
- El tipo de fuente de generación.
De este modo se va subastando la energía hasta cubrir la demanda estimada.
Hay que señalar que se comienza por las más económicas, que son la nuclear y las renovables y se acaba con las más caras, que son el gas y el carbón. El precio final viene determinado por la última fuente en entrar a la subasta. Como hemos mencionado, a este se le suman los impuestos y los peajes.
Aunque, como ves, las energías renovables tienen preferencia – junto con la nuclear- en el mix energético de España, su peso en el total de energía producida aún no es alto debido a que la capacidad de fuentes tradicionales como el carbón es todavía muy grande.
El año 2018, de acuerdo con Red Eléctrica de España, las energías renovables en conjunto contribuyeron a generar el 40% de la producción eléctrica del país. Este porcentaje supuso un aumento de un 6,7% respecto a los resultados del año anterior.
El precio de la luz en Europa y la apuesta por las energías renovables
El precio de la luz en Europa, como en España, también depende de cómo se configura su mix energético (más los impuestos y peajes). A continuación te explicamos el de los dos principales mercados de electricidad del centro de Europa: Francia y Alemania.
- Francia
Francia es el país europeo que más apuesta por la energía nuclear. En el país galo funcionan 19 centrales nucleares y 58 reactores. El primer productor mundial de energía nuclear es EDF, la compañía nacional francesa de electricidad.
No obstante, para disminuir la dependencia de este tipo de energía, Francia tiene por objetivo el cierre de 17 de sus 58 reactores a lo largo de los próximos 7 años.
- Alemania
Su mix energético está basado principalmente en el carbón, sin embargo se encuentra a la cabeza de Europa en la apuesta por las renovables, que tiene por objetivo incrementar con el plan de transición energético Energiewende. El gobierno alemán ha puesto como fecha límite para el cierre de todas las centrales nucleares el año 2022, y el 2038 para el de las de carbón.
La transición hacia las energías renovables es el camino que fomenta la Unión Europea, con normativa que facilita las inversiones públicas y privadas en este sentido. Las energías renovables son el presente y el futuro, pues son ilimitadas y no contaminantes. De acuerdo con una investigación llevada a cabo por la multinacional de gestión de activos energéticos Kaiserwetter, se prevé que el uso de este tipo de energías alcance una cuota del 36% sobre el mix energético mundial en 2030, una cifra que incrementaría el PIB hasta aproximadamente 1.3 billones de dólares. Este dato indica la rentabilidad de invertir en energías renovables.
Como hemos visto, el precio de la luz en España no se encuentra entre los más baratos de Europa. Sin embargo, hay formas de ahorrar en tu factura.
La primera pasa por comprobar si la tarifa de luz que tienes contratada es la más favorable para ti. Si quieres quedarte tranquilo, ponte en contacto con Aura Energía y descubre nuestras tarifas de energía 100% procedente de renovables.
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